Supply function Nash equilibrium of joint day-ahead electricity markets and forward contracts

Forward contracts are one of the prevalent and useful tools for managing the risks associated with the volatility of the electricity market prices. Forward contracts and day-ahead electricity market are executed simultaneously, and hence, they affect each other. This paper proposes a comprehensive supply function equilibrium model to consider the mutual interactions between forward contracts and the associated day-ahead electricity market in a power system. Negotiation between each producer and consumer in forward market is taken into account in the model. In order to consider the risk management behaviors of all market players in the model, a new risk management method is presented. The proposed risk management method takes into account the concerns of market players about the future prices of day-ahead market over the delivery period. The model proposed in this paper is applied to a test system with forward and day-ahead markets. The results are compared with the case that there is no forward contract in the power system. Impacts of growing the concerns of producers and consumers about the future, impacts of increasing demand uncertainty, impacts of improving bargaining power of consumers in contracting period and impact of contracting obligations for producers on the simulation results are discussed. The proposed risk management method is compared with CVaR method and its efficiency is evaluated. Finally, applicability of the proposed model to real size power systems is examined.