The multiple interaction model for nonshallow scatterers buried beneath 2-D random rough surfaces

The multiple interaction model is hybridized with the robust Steepest Descent Fast Multipole Method (SDFMM) to compute the signature of nonshallow penetrable scatterers buried beneath two-dimensional random rough surfaces. The most attractive feature of the multiple interaction model with using the SDFMM is removing the quasi-planar structure constraint for analyzing nonquasi-planar scatterers. The results show that the buried object's signature is largely due to the first interaction mechanism; however, the contribution of each additional interaction is explicitly calculated, though they may become insignificant especially for lossy background soil.