How microbes influence mineral growth and dissolution

Mineral formation or dissolution is exploited by microbes if it favors their survival. Some microbes are able to dissolve a mineral by using it: (1) as a source of energy, (2) as a terminal electron acceptor in respiration, (3) as a trace element requirement, or (4) to enhance competitiveness in a microbial community. Some others form minerals: (1) in the oxidation or reduction of a dissolved inorganic species in energy metabolism; (2) in the detoxification of poisonous inorganic species; (3) in active or passive uptake of one or more dissolved inorganic species followed by conversion into a cellular support or protective structure; and (4) in enhancing their competitiveness in a microbial community. Microbes that interact with mineral substances are opportunists. Many have a significant impact on the mineral world by catalyzing, or controlling in other ways, key steps in mineral formation or dissolution.