Weight change and cognitive performance

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether under- or overweight and weight change is associated with cognitive performance of elderly citizens. DESIGN: Explorative analysis out of the Basel Study cohort. SUBJECTS: In all, 531 healthy subjects (445 men/86 women) were assessed with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NAB) in 2000 (age: 69.4+/-7.8 y) and weight measurements obtained in 1990 (body mass index (BMI): 25.2+/-3.1 kg/m(2)) and in 2000 (BMI: 25.6+/-3.4 kg/m(2)). METHODS: The predictive power of the annual change in BMI with cognitive performance was investigated by a binary logistic regression analysis (backward) using sex, age, BMI 1990, BMI 2000, diastolic blood pressure, diabetes status, and optimal health status as additional predictors. RESULTS: In the last step, the following variables remained in the model: annual change in BMI (quadratic term; P < 0.01); ApoE genotype (P < 0.05); and optimal health status (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The association between the extent of weight change and poorer cognitive performance could be either a consequence of cognitive impairment or an early symptom of neurodegenerative decline.