Illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals in the environment - Forensic applications of environmental data. Part 1: Estimation of the usage of drugs in local communities

被引:113
作者
Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara [1 ,2 ]
Dinsdale, Richard M. [2 ]
Guwy, Alan J. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Huddersfield, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England
[2] Univ Glamorgan, Sustainable Environm Res Ctr, Fac Hlth Sport & Sci, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, M Glam, Wales
关键词
Pharmaceuticals usage; Illicit drugs consumption; Wastewater; Environmental forensics; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-WATER; WASTE-WATER; PSYCHOACTIVE-DRUGS; CONTAMINANTS; METABOLITES; RIVERS;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.017
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Pharmaceuticals and recently also illicit drugs have been recognised as emerging environmental contaminants due to their potential environmental impact: frequent occurrence, persistence and risk to aquatic life and humans. This manuscript is part one of the two-part study aiming to provide a better understanding and application of environmental data not only for environmental aims but also to meet forensic objectives. An attempt to use wastewater data is made in order to verify patterns of the usage of drugs (in particular illicit) in local communities. The average usage of cocaine in South Wales was estimated at 0.9 g day(-1) 1000 people(-1), which equals I tonne of this drug used or disposed of to sewage annually in Wales. The calculated usage of amphetamine denoted 2.5 g day(-1) 1000 people(-1) and is suspected to be an overestimate. Because no analysis of enantiomers of amphetamine was undertaken, no distinction between amphetamine's legal and illicit usage could be made (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1773 / 1777
页数:5
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