Evolution in the X-ray cluster luminosity function revisited

被引:57
作者
Nichol, RC
Holden, BP
Romer, AK
Ulmer, MP
Burke, DJ
Collins, CA
机构
[1] UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637
[2] NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,EVANSTON,IL 60208
[3] UNIV DURHAM,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND
[4] LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN ELECTRON & PHYS,ASTROPHYS GRP,LIVERPOOL L3 3AF,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND
关键词
galaxies; clusters; general; luminosity function; mass function; X-rays;
D O I
10.1086/304061
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present new X-ray data taken from the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter pointing archive for 21 clusters in the Einstein Extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey (EMSS). We have supplemented these data with new optical follow-up observations found in the literature, and, overall, 32 of the original 67 z > 0.14 EMSS clusters now have new information, Using this revised sample, we find no systematic difference, as a function of X-ray flux, between our measured X-ray cluster fluxes and those in the original EMSS(similar or equal to 30% scatter), However, we do detect a marginal correlation between this observed difference in the flux and the redshift of the clusters, with the lower redshift systems having a greater scatter by nearly a factor of 2. We have also determined the X-ray extent of these reobserved EMSS clusters and find that 14 of them have significant extents compared with the ROSAT point-spread function. Combining these data with extended clusters seen in the original ER;ISS sample, at least 30% of z > 0.14 clusters now have an observed X-ray extent, thus justifying their classification as X-ray clusters. Using our improved EMSS sample, we have redetermined the EMSS X-ray cluster luminosity function as a function of redshift. We have removed potential misclassifications and included our new measurements of the clusters' X-ray luminosities and redshifts. We find similar luminosity functions to those originally presented by Henry et al., albeit with two important differences. First, we show that the original low-redshift EMSS luminosity function is insufficiently constrained. Second, the power-law shape of our new determination of the high-redshift EMSS luminosity function (z = 0.3-0.6) has a shallower slope than that seen by Henry et al. We have compared our new EMSS luminosity functions with those recently derived from a nearby sample of X-ray clusters and find that the overall degree of observed luminosity function evolution is mild at best. This is a result of the shallower slope seen in our EMSS high-redshift luminosity function and a more robust low-redshift determination of the X-ray cluster luminosity function from the literature. We have quantified the degree of evolution seen in the X-ray cluster luminosity by using several statistical tests. The most restrictive analysis indicates that our low- and high-redshift EMSS luminosity functions are statistically different at the 95% level, However, other tests indicate that these low- and high-redshift luminosity functions only differ by as little as 1 sigma. These data are, therefore, consistent with no evolution in the X-ray cluster luminosity function out to z similar or equal to 0.5.
引用
收藏
页码:644 / 659
页数:16
相关论文
共 36 条
[1]   SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL COMPLETE SAMPLES - V-VMAX AND VE-VA VARIABLES, WITH APPLICATIONS TO QUASARS [J].
AVNI, Y ;
BAHCALL, JN .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1980, 235 (03) :694-716
[2]   ROSAT OBSERVATIONS OF DISTANT, OPTICALLY SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS [J].
BOWER, RG ;
BOHRINGER, H ;
BRIEL, UG ;
ELLIS, RS ;
CASTANDER, FJ ;
COUCH, WJ .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 1994, 268 (02) :345-353
[3]  
Burke D. J., 1996, Rontgenstrahlung from the Universe. International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy and Astrophysics. Conference Proceedings (MPE Report 263), P569
[4]   Galaxy cluster virial masses and Omega [J].
Carlberg, RG ;
Yee, HKC ;
Ellingson, E ;
Abraham, R ;
Gravel, P ;
Morris, S ;
Pritchet, CJ .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1996, 462 (01) :32-49
[5]  
CASH W, 1979, ASTROPHYS J, V228, P939, DOI 10.1086/156922
[6]   DEFICIT OF DISTANT X-RAY EMITTING GALAXY CLUSTERS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLUSTER EVOLUTION [J].
CASTANDER, FJ ;
BOWER, RG ;
ELLIS, RS ;
ARAGONSALAMANCA, A ;
MASON, KO ;
HASINGER, G ;
MCMAHON, RG ;
CARRERA, FJ ;
MITTAZ, JPD ;
PEREZFOURNON, I ;
LEHTO, HJ .
NATURE, 1995, 377 (6544) :39-41
[7]   THE DETECTION OF X-RAY-EMISSION FROM THE HIGHEST REDSHIFT GALAXY CLUSTERS [J].
CASTANDER, FJ ;
ELLIS, RS ;
FRENK, CS ;
DRESSLER, A ;
GUNN, JE .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1994, 424 (02) :L79-L82
[8]   DISTANT CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES DETECTED BY X-RAYS [J].
CAVALIERE, A ;
COLAFRANCESCO, S ;
MENCI, N .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1993, 415 (01) :50-57
[9]   On the evolution of X-ray clusters at high redshift [J].
Collins, CA ;
Burke, DJ ;
Romer, AK ;
Sharples, RM ;
Nichol, RC .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1997, 479 (02) :L117-&
[10]  
DAVID LP, 1993, ROSAT HIGH RESOLUTIO