Interactions between embryos and the culture milieu

Although in vitro production of embryos up to the blastocyst stage is now possible in numerous species, the quality and quantity of embryos are still not satisfactory. Clearly, culture conditions do not yet replace all of the benefits of development within the female reproductive tract. Analysis of the interactions between embryos and the components of culture media provides insights into regulatory mechanisms and how they are perturbed in vitro, and also offers some clues about the nature of the support provided to early embryos by the female tract. Further elucidation of these events and their underlying regulation will be helpful for improving culture media formulations to support normal embryo development in vitro. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc.