Concomitant coronary and peripheral arterial disease: Relationship between the inflammatory status of the affected limb and the severity of coronary artery disease

Objective: In corollary artery disease (CAD), concomitant peripheral arterial disease (PAD) entails increased systemic inflammatory profile and more severe coronary atherosclerosis. We investigated the relationship between the inflammatory status in the affected limb and CAD severity. Methods: In 46 CAD+PAD and 31 CAD-alone patients, the inflammatory status of the leg circulation was measured by the transfemoral gradients of neutrophil mycloperoxidase (MPOx) content and interleukin-6 (IL-6). CAD severity was defined by evaluating coronary artery endothelial function, number of significant corollary stenoses, and prevalence of three-vessel CAD and myocardial infarction (MI). Results: In the affected limb of CAD+PAD patients, the transfemoral gradients of neutrophil MPOx content and IL-6 were higher (P < .01, for both) than in the healthy leg of CAD-only patients. At multivariate analysis, CAD+PAD patients with transfemoral gradients of MPOx and IL-6 > median had a more compromised coronary artery endothelial function (P < .05, for both). Furthermore, CAD+PAD patients with transfemoral gradients of neutrophil MPOx content > median showed all independent association with a greater number of significant coronary stenoses, and a greater prevalence of three-vessel CAD and previous MI (P < .01, for all). A more severe coronary atherosclerosis was observed also in CAD+PAD patients with transfemoral gradients of IL-6 > median vs those with IL-6 < median, although differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In CAD patients, the coexistence of PAD does not necessarily entail a more severe corollary atherosclerosis. Only those with an inflammatory status of the affected limb presents more severe CAD. Future studies will clarify, whether the presence of peripheral inflammation plays a mechanistic role in CAD evolution. (J Vasc Surg 2009;49:1465-71.)