Memories in sand:: Experimental tests of construction history on stress distributions under sandpiles

We report experiments on piles of cohesionless granular materials showing the effect of construction history on static stress distributions. Stresses under piles are monitored by sensitive capacitive techniques. The piles are formed either by pouring granular material from a funnel with a small outlet (localized source), or from a large sieve (homogeneous rain). Localized sources yield stress profiles with a clear stress dip near the center of the pile; the homogeneous rain profiles have no stress dip. We show that the stress profiles scale linearly with the pile height. Experiments on wedge-shaped piles show similar but weaker effects. [S1063-651X(99)51410-4].