Synergistic transactivation of the differentiation-dependent lung gene Clara cell secretory protein (secretoglobin 1a1) by the basic region leucine zipper factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein A and the homeodomain factor Nkx2.1/thyroid transcription factor-1

The basic region-leucine zipper transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.1/thyroid transcription factor-1 are essential for normal lung morphogenesis. Nkx2.1 is expressed from the onset of lung development, whereas C/EBPalpha expression is turned on at later stages. The expression of C/EBPalpha correlates to the appearance of lung-specific proteins with differentiation-dependent expression patterns, such as the Clara cell secretory protein (secretoglobin 1a1 (Scgb1a1), CCSP). In this study, we demonstrate synergistic transactivation by C/EBPalpha and Nkx2.1 in the regulation of the CCSP gene. We show that the synergistic activity of C/EBPalpha and Nkx2.1 originates from cis-acting elements in the proximal promoter of CCSP and that the synergism is dependent on NH2-terminal transactivation domains of C/EBPalpha and Nkx2.1. Our results suggest that the cooperation of C/EBPalpha and N-kx2.1 is a major determinant for the high level, lung epithelial-specific expression of CCSP during the later stages of lung development and in the adult lung.