Regional differences in degree of resilin cross-linking in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Various cuticular regions from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, were quantitatively analyzed for two cross-linking amino acids, dityrosine and trityrosine, characteristic constituents of the rubberlike cuticular protein, resilin. These amino acids were found in all regions of cuticle investigated, but in widely varying amounts. In fully mature adult locusts the largest amounts of di- and trityrosine were obtained from the prealar arms and wing-hinges, structures possessing long-range elasticity and being involved in energy storage in the flight system. In structures where deformations tend to occur more slowly, such as the clypeo-labral springs and tracheae, di- and trityrosine are less abundant. In sclerotized cuticle from femur and tibia, as well as in cornea and in the highly stretchable intersegmental membranes of mature females, they are only found in trace amounts and are probably unrelated to elasticity. The trityrosine-to-dityrosine ratio in the variuos cuticular regions vary from nearly equal amounts of the two amino acids to about ten times more dityrosine than trityrosine, indicating that the regions differ in degree of cross-linking; the tracheal wall is the material with the highest trityrosine-to-dityrosine ratio. In some cuticular regions the ratio increases during maturation from newly moulted (teneral) adults to reproductively active locusts; the most pronounced increase was observed for the wing-hinges, and only a small increase was observed for the abdominal tergal plates. In most cuticular regions in fifth instar locust nymphs the contents of di- and trityrosine corresponded to the contents measured for the adult cuticular regions, but only trace amounts of the two amino acids were obtained from the region of the nymphal wing base which corresponds to the wing-hinge containing cuticular region in adult locusts. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.