A robust load flow technique for use in power systems with unified power flow controllers

This paper proposes a method to calculate the load flow of power systems in which unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) are embedded. Algorithms for deriving the load flow equations including the UPFCs are developed based on an extension of the Newton Raphson load flow (NRLF) technique. By obtaining the sensitivity matrix of the power system including magnitude and phase angle of all bus voltages with respect to parameters of the UPFCs, a practical method of using the UPFC for power flow control is examined. Numerical computation using the proposed technique has been extended to standard IEEE testing bus-systems. It shows that the algorithm is robust, reliable and efficient. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.