Acute hepatic failure with valproic acid in children: Report of three cases

We report the cases of three epileptic children who developed hepatotoxicity induced by valproic acid. Two patients had developmental delay. Including the one who died, all patients were receiving polytherapy (carbamazepine in two and phenobarbital in one). The patients age ranged from 2 years and 8 months to 5 years and 1 month. The onset of hepatic complications occurred within 6 months of valproate therapy in two patients and 12 months in one. All patients developed the classical clinical signs of hepatotoxicity. Vomiting, edema and jaundice were the initial symptoms. Fever occurred in two patients. The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were mildly elevated with a maximum of 194 IU. The bilirubin levels ranged from 5.5 to 19.8 mg%. Two patients recovered clinically and showed normalization of he laboratory abnormalities and one had fatal course. The hepatotoxicity must be considered as a side effect of valproic acid mainly in children under two years age, with polytherapy regimen and neurologic damage, The hepatic insufficiency san he reversible.