Conductivity enhancement mechanism of the poly(ethylene oxide)/modified-clay-LiClO4 systems

This study demonstrates that adding clay that was organically modified by dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride (DDAC) and d2000 surfactants increases the ionic conductivity of polymeric electrolyte. A.C. impedance, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies revealed that the silicate layers strongly interact with the dopant salt lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) within a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/clay/LiClO4 system. DSC characterization verified that the addition of a small amount of the organic clay reduces the glass-transition temperature of PEO as a result of the interaction between the negative charge in the clay and the lithium cation. Additionally, the strength of such a specific interaction depends on the extent of PEO intercalation. With respect to the interaction between the silicate layer and the lithium cation, three types of complexes are assumed. In complex I, lithium cation is distributed within the PEO phase. In complex II, lithium cation resides in an PEO/exfoliated-clay environment. In complex III, the lithium cation is located in PEO/ agglomerated-clay domains. More clay favors complex III over complexes II and I, reducing the interaction between the silicate layers and the lithium cations because of strong self-aggregation among the silicate layers. Notably, the (PEO)(8)LiClO4/DDACmodified clay (DDAC-mClay) composition can form a nanocomposite electrolyte with high ionic conductivity (8 x 10(-5) S/cm) at room temperature. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.