Many of the copper connections in computers are believed to yield to high-speed optical interconnects, in which photons, rather than electrons will pass signals from board to board, or chip to chip, or even from one part of a chip to another. Having proven their worth in long-distance communications, photons will soon take over inside the computer. An electrical signal from the processor would modulate a miniature laser beam, which would shine through the air or a waveguide to a photodetector, which would in turn pass the signal on to the electronics.