Temporal and among-site variability of inherent water use efficiency at the ecosystem level

被引：441

作者：

Beer, C. ^{[1
]}

Ciais, P. ^{[2
]}

Reichstein, M. ^{[1
]}

Baldocchi, D. ^{[3
,4
]}

Law, B. E. ^{[5
]}

Papale, D. ^{[6
]}

Soussana, J. -F. ^{[7
]}

Ammann, C. ^{[8
]}

Buchmann, N. ^{[9
]}

Frank, D. ^{[1
]}

Gianelle, D. ^{[10
]}

Janssens, I. A. ^{[11
]}

Knohl, A. ^{[9
]}

Koestner, B. ^{[12
]}

Moors, E. ^{[13
]}

Roupsard, O. ^{[14
]}

Verbeeck, H. ^{[15
]}

Vesala, T. ^{[16
]}

Williams, C. A. ^{[17
]}

Wohlfahrt, G. ^{[18
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Model Data Integrat Grp, D-07745 Jena, Germany

[2] CNRS, UVSQ, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[5] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[6] Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, DISAFRI, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy

[7] INRA, UR874, UREP, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France

[8] Agroscope Reckenholz Tnikon Res Stn, Air Pollut Climate Grp, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland

[9] ETH, Inst Plant Sci, Dept Agr & Food Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

[10] Fdn Edmund Mach, Ctr Ecol Alpina, I-38100 Trento, Italy

[11] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium

[12] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Meteorol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany

[13] Alterra Wageningen UR, ESS CC, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands

[14] Fonctionnement & Pilotage Ecosyst Plantat, UPR80, Cirad Persyst, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France

[15] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, Plant Ecol Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[16] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[17] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA

[18] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Okol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

来源：

GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES | 2009年 / 23卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; EXCHANGE; CANOPY-SCALE; LEAF-AREA; FOREST; RESPIRATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ASSIMILATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND;

D O I：

10.1029/2008GB003233

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Half-hourly measurements of the net exchanges of carbon dioxide and water vapor between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere provide estimates of gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) at the ecosystem level and on daily to annual timescales. The ratio of these quantities represents ecosystem water use efficiency. Its multiplication with mean daylight vapor pressure deficit (VPD) leads to a quantity which we call "inherent water use efficiency" (IWUE*). The dependence of IWUE* on environmental conditions indicates possible adaptive adjustment of ecosystem physiology in response to a changing environment. IWUE* is analyzed for 43 sites across a range of plant functional types and climatic conditions. IWUE* increases during short-term moderate drought conditions. Mean annual IWUE* varied by a factor of 3 among all sites. This is partly explained by soil moisture at field capacity, particularly in deciduous broad-leaved forests. Canopy light interception sets the upper limits to canopy photosynthesis, and explains half the variance in annual IWUE* among herbaceous ecosystems and evergreen needle-leaved forests. Knowledge of IWUE* offers valuable improvement to the representation of carbon and water coupling in ecosystem process models.

引用

页数：13

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