Microbial community composition and function beneath temperate trees exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone

We hypothesized that changes in plant growth resulting from atmospheric CO2 and O-3 enrichment would alter the flow of C through soil food webs and that this effect would vary with tree species. To test this idea, we traced the course of C through the soil microbial community using soils from the free-air CO2 and O-3 enrichment site in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. We added either C-13-labeled cellobiose or C-13-labeled N-acetylglucosamine to soils collected beneath ecologically distinct temperate trees exposed for 3 years to factorial CO2 (ambient and 200 mu1 1(-1) above ambient) and O-3 (ambient and 20 mu1 1(-1) above ambient) treatments. For both labeled substrates, recovery of C-13 in microbial respiration increased beneath plants grown under elevated CO2 by 29% compared to ambient; elevated O-3 eliminated this effect. Production of C-13-CO2 from soils beneath aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and aspen-birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) was greater than that beneath aspenmaple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Phospholipid fatty acid analyses (C-13-PLFAs) indicated that the microbial community beneath plants exposed to elevated CO2 metabolized more C-13-cellobiose, compared to the microbial community beneath plants exposed to the ambient condition. Recovery of C-13 in PLFAs was an order of magnitude greater for N-acetylglucosamine-amended soil compared to cellobiose-amended soil, indicating that substrate type influenced microbial metabolism and soil C cycling. We found that elevated CO2 increased fungal activity and microbial metabolism of cellobiose, and that microbial processes under early-successional aspen and birch species were more strongly affected by CO2 and O-3 enrichment than those under late-successional maple.