Corrections to atomic scattering factors for high-energy electrons arising from atomic vibrations

Thermal vibrations of the atoms of a crystal result in loss of coherence of a fast electron when it enters the crystal. The scattering of the coherent part of the wave may be modelled by introducing a correction to the time-averaged electrostatic potential of the crystal. The correction involves both a real part and an imaginary part. The real part is not usually considered in calculations of diffracted intensities but for strong scatterers such as An atoms it is sufficiently large that it should be measurable by convergent-beam diffraction.