The applications of ion-conducting ceramics

A diverse range of applications have been identified which exploit the unique combination of properties exhibited by a number of high temperature, inorganic, non-metallic materials possessing appreciable ionic conductivity. An overview of selected materials structures and ionic conduction mechanisms demonstrate how these materials function either in sensor mode, by responding to their environment; or by mass transport, to alter their environment. Illustrated examples show how these materials are being utilised commercially. Ion-conducting functional ceramics currently operate as gas sensors and chemical sensors in high temperature ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. Advanced battery systems are described, one of which is now near-to-market, also fuel cells and other novel electrochemical devices. The current focus of research is outlined to show that the development of new or improved ion-conducting ceramics will result in many novel applications for the future.