Manipulation of dietary carbohydrates after prolonged effort modifies muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum responses in exercising males

The hypothesis tested was that disturbances in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-cycling responses to exercise would associate with muscle glycogen reserves. Ten untrained males [peak O-2 consumption (V-O2 peak) = 3.41 +/- 0.20 (SE) l/min] performed a standardized cycle test (similar to 70% V. O2 peak) on two occasions, namely, following 4 days of a high (Hi CHO)- and 4 days of a low (Lo CHO)-carbohydrate diet. Both Hi CHO and Lo CHO were preceded by a session of prolonged exercise designed to deplete muscle glycogen. SR Ca2+-cycling in crude homogenates prepared from vastus lateralis samples indicated higher (P < 0.05) Ca2+ uptake (mu M (.) g protein(-1) (.) min(-1)) in Hi CHO compared with Lo CHO at 30 min (2.93 +/- 0.10 vs. 2.23 +/- 0.12) and at 67 min (2.77 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.12) of exercise, the point of fatigue in Lo CHO. Similar effects (P < 0.05) were noted between conditions for maximal Ca2+-ATPase (mu M (.) g protein(-1) (.) min(-1)) at 30 min (142 +/- 8.5 vs. 107 +/- 5.0) and at 67 min (130 +/- 4.5 vs. 101 +/- 4.7). Both phase 1 and phase 2 Ca2+ release were 23 and 37% higher (P < 0.05) at 30 min of exercise and 15 and 34% higher (P < 0.05), at 67 min during Hi CHO compared with Lo CHO, respectively. No differences between conditions were observed at rest for any of these SR properties. Total muscle glycogen (mmol glucosyl units/kg dry wt) was higher (P < 0.05) in Hi CHO compared with Lo CHO at rest (+36%), 30 min (+53%), and at 67 min (+44%) of cycling. These results indicate that exercise-induced reductions in SR Ca2+-cycling properties occur earlier in exercise during low glycogen states compared with high glycogen states.