Single dose and multiple dose studies of itraconazole nanoparticles

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the lung and serum concentrations in mice following oral and pulmonary dosing of amorphous nanoparticulate itraconazole (ITZ) compositions as well as the Sporanox (R) oral solution (itraconazole/Janssen). Second, the steady state partitioning of ITZ in lung tissue and circulatory compartments following repeated oral and pulmonary dosing was determined. The pulmonary formulation (ITZ-pulmonary) consisted of ITZ, polysorbate 80, and poloxamer 407 in a 1:0.75:0.75 ratio and the oral formulation (ITZ-oral) consisted of ITZ, PEG 8000, poloxamer 188, and sorbitan monooleate 80 in a 1:1:2:1 ratio. Mice were dosed every 12 h by nebulization with ITZ-pulmonary, or by oral gavage with ITZ-oral or Sporanox oral solution (n = 12 per study arm). ITZ-pulmonary achieved significantly greater (> 10-fold) lung tissue concentrations compared to the Sporanox oral solution and ITZ-oral. There were no statistical differences between the two oral formulations. ITZ-pulmonary achieved significantly greater lung levels per unit serum concentration compared to the orally dosed ITZ compositions. High and sustained lung tissue concentrations were achieved via inhalation of an amorphous nanoparticulate ITZ-pulmonary composition while maintaining serum levels which are above the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of Aspergillus fumigatus. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.