Sudden-onset asthma exacerbations: clinical features, response to therapy, and 2-week follow-up

Sudden-onset asthma exacerbations may have different triggers and responses to treatment than slower-onset exacerbations. The authors studied this hypothesis among patients with severe asthma exacerbations. The Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration prospectively enrolled patients presenting to 64 North American emergency departments with asthma exacerbations. Of 1,847 patients aged 18-54 yrs, 900 had severe exacerbations (peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) <50% predicted or hospitalized without PEFR), These patients were divided into sudden-onset (less than or equal to 3 h of symptoms) and slower-onset (>3 h of symptoms) groups. Fourteen per cent (95% confidence interval, 11-16%) of patients with severe asthma exacerbations had sudden-onset exacerbations. Sudden-onset patients were similar to slower-onset patients, except triggers of their exacerbations were more often respiratory allergens, exercise or psychosocial stress and less often respiratory infections. Sudden-onset patients were more likely to have used oral beta-agonists and salmeterol in the preceding 1 weeks. Although initial PEFRs and management were similar, sudden-onset patients had a greater improvement in PEFR (35 versus 28% p<0.001), Sudden-onset patients were less often discharged on systemic corticosteroids, but had similar 2-week relapse rates compared with slower-onset patients, Among patients presenting with severe asthma exacerbations, sudden-onset exacerbations had a different pattern of triggers and greater improvement with treatment than slower-onset exacerbations.