Formation of STAT5-containing DNA binding complexes in response to colony-stimulating factor-1 and platelet-derived growth factor

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) activates several members belonging to the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) family of transcription factors. We investigated the DNA binding complexes activated by CSF-1 in several cell lines and compared them with complexes activated by platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin 3. Our results indicate that the SIE-A complex activated by CSF-1 and platelet-derived growth factor may contain STAT3/STAT5 heterodimers binding to the high affinity SIF binding site, m67. In addition, both growth factors activate one or several STATE-containing protein complexes binding to the prolactin-inducible element, PIE. The formation of these complexes was cell type and growth factor specific, Interleukin 3 activated only PIE binding complexes containing STAT5A and STAT5B and did not activate m67 binding complexes. It appears, therefore, that STATE cannot bind to m67 as a homodimer, but it can bind if it is dimerized with STAT3, whereas it can bind to the PIE element without being either complexed with STAT3 or any other known STAT protein, possibly as a homodimer or as STAT5A/STAT5B heterodimer. However, in addition, STATE may heterodimerize with other proteins and form novel PIE binding complexes.