Basics foundation and results of the vacuum therapy in the reconstructive surgery

Vacuum therapy (vacuum assisted wound closure (V.A.C.(R)) is a non invasive method to promote wound healing. It is based on defined, controlled negative pressure application via medical-grade reticulated polyurethane ether or polyvinyl foam dressing to wound surfaces. The technique is characterized by continuous removal of wound exudates and hence reduction of extravascular, interstitial fluid, subsequently leading to enhanced microcirculation. Experimental studies revealed a positive influence both on local microcirculation and on granulation tissue formation. Local mechanical physical factors, yet not completely understood, similar to tissue expansion, apply to the wound surface and seem to promote cell growth. In our own patients the vacuum technique has been used to pretreat chronic wounds in 139 patients, to fix split thickness skin grafts in 148 patients and to prefabricate or delay free or pedicled flaps in 11 patients so far. Thorough surgical debridement remains the mainstay of wound care. Vacuum therapy however, as an adjunctive procedure, offers significant advantages compared to conventional wound care methods, which call for further clinical and experimental studies to elucidate the basic mechanisms.