The demonstration of an optical fiber based probe for efficiently exciting the waveguide modes of high-index contrast planar photonic crystal (PC) slabs is presented. Fiber taper waveguides formed from standard silica single-mode optical fibers are used to evanescently couple light into the guided modes of a patterned silicon membrane. A coupling efficiency of similar to95% is obtained between the fiber taper and a PC waveguide mode suitably designed for integration with a previously studied ultrasmall mode volume high-Q PC resonant cavity [ Srinivasan , Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1915 (2003) ]. The micron-scale lateral extent and dispersion of the fiber taper is used as a near-field spatial and spectral probe to study the profile and dispersion of PC waveguide modes. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.