Neuroleptic malignant syndrome under treatment with antidepressants.

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare complication in the treatment of neuroleptics. The pathophysiology is not fully known. A dopaminergic transmission block in the basal ganglia and the hypothalamus is thought to be the pathophysiological mechanism of NMS. There are some findings against the single role of dopamine receptor blockade: NMS is rare under neuroleptic treatment, although a strong dopamine receptor blockade is found even with a low dosis of neuroleptics, NMS can develop even after longterm treatment with neuroleptics and is not improved by dopamine agonists within the expected period. NMS may even develop when neuroleptics are reduced, Several cases have been reported of NMS precipitated by medication without a direct effect on dopaminergic system. Only rare case reports describe NMS under antidepressants, We report on all cases of NMS associated with antidepressants and present the different pathophysiological hypotheses on the precipitation of NMS.