Comparison of the seasonal change in cloud-radiative forcing from atmospheric general circulation models and satellite observations

被引:40
作者
Cess, RD
Zhang, MH
Potter, GL
Alekseev, V
Barker, HW
Bony, S
Colman, RA
Dazlich, DA
DelGenio, AD
Deque, M
Dix, MR
Dymnikov, V
Esch, M
Fowler, LD
Fraser, JR
Galin, V
Gates, WL
Hack, JJ
Ingram, WJ
Kiehl, JT
Kim, Y
LeTreut, H
Liang, XZ
McAvaney, BJ
Meleshko, VP
Morcrette, JJ
Randall, DA
Roeckner, E
Schlesinger, ME
Sporyshev, PV
Taylor, KE
Timbal, B
Volodin, EM
Wang, W
Wang, WC
Wetherald, RT
机构
[1] RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, OTDELENIE CHISLITELNOI MATEMATIKI, MOSCOW 117334, RUSSIA
[2] CANADIAN CLIMATE CTR, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA
[3] METEOROL DYNAM LAB, F-75231 PARIS 05, FRANCE
[4] BUR METEOROL RES CTR, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA
[5] COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA
[6] NASA, GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA
[7] NATL CTR RECH METEOROL, F-31057 TOULOUSE, FRANCE
[8] CSIRO, DIV ATMOSPHER RES, ASPENDALE, VIC 3195, AUSTRALIA
[9] MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL, D-21046 HAMBURG, GERMANY
[10] LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA
[11] NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA
[12] UK METEOROL OFF, HADLEY CTR CLIMATE PREDICT & RES, BRACKNELL RG12 2SY, BERKS, ENGLAND
[13] SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA
[14] GLAVNAYA GEOFIZICHESKAYA OBSERV IMENI AI VOEIKOVA, ST PETERSBURG 194018, RUSSIA
[15] EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS, READING RG2 9AX, BERKS, ENGLAND
[16] UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA
[17] PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1029/97JD00927
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
We compare seasonal changes in cloud-radiative forcing (CRF) at the top of the atmosphere from 18 atmospheric general circulation models, and observations from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). To enhance the CRF signal and suppress interannual variability, we consider only zonal mean quantities for which the extreme months (January and July), as well as the northern and southern hemispheres, have been differenced. Since seasonal variations of the shortwave component of CRF are caused by seasonal changes in both cloudiness and solar irradiance, the latter was removed. In the ERBE data, seasonal changes in CRF are driven primarily by changes in cloud amount. The same conclusion applies to the models. The shortwave component of seasonal CRF is a measure of changes in cloud amount at all altitudes, while the longwave component is more a measure of upper level clouds. Thus important insights into seasonal cloud amount variations of the models have been obtained by comparing both components, as generated by the models, with the satellite data. For example, in 10 of the 18 models the seasonal oscillations of zonal cloud patterns extend too far poleward by one latitudinal grid.
引用
收藏
页码:16593 / 16603
页数:11
相关论文
共 23 条
[1]   METHODOLOGICAL DEPENDENCIES OF CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING FOR THE CANADIAN-CLIMATE-CENTER 2ND-GENERATION GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL [J].
BARKER, HW .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1995, 100 (D1) :1017-1025
[2]  
BARKER HW, 1993, STUD GEO OP, P145
[3]  
Cess R. D., 1987, Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), V39A, P460, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00321.x
[4]   COMPARISON OF GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS TO EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT DATA - COMPUTATION OF CLEAR-SKY FLUXES [J].
CESS, RD ;
POTTER, GL ;
GATES, WL ;
MORCRETTE, JJ ;
CORSETTI, L .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1992, 97 (D18) :20421-20426
[5]   INTERPRETATION OF SEASONAL CLOUD-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS USING EARTH RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT DATA [J].
CESS, RD ;
HARRISON, EF ;
MINNIS, P ;
BARKSTROM, BR ;
RAMANATHAN, V ;
KWON, TY .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1992, 97 (D7) :7613-7617
[6]   INTERCOMPARISON AND INTERPRETATION OF CLIMATE FEEDBACK PROCESSES IN 19 ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS [J].
CESS, RD ;
POTTER, GL ;
BLANCHET, JP ;
BOER, GJ ;
DELGENIO, AD ;
DEQUE, M ;
DYMNIKOV, V ;
GALIN, V ;
GATES, WL ;
GHAN, SJ ;
KIEHL, JT ;
LACIS, AA ;
LETREUT, H ;
LI, ZX ;
LIANG, XZ ;
MCAVANEY, BJ ;
MELESHKO, VP ;
MITCHELL, JFB ;
MORCRETTE, JJ ;
RANDALL, DA ;
RIKUS, L ;
ROECKNER, E ;
ROYER, JF ;
SCHLESE, U ;
SHEININ, DA ;
SLINGO, A ;
SOKOLOV, AP ;
TAYLOR, KE ;
WASHINGTON, WM ;
WETHERALD, RT ;
YAGAI, I ;
ZHANG, MH .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1990, 95 (D10) :16601-16615
[7]   Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update [J].
Cess, RD ;
Zhang, MH ;
Ingram, WJ ;
Potter, GL ;
Alskseev, V ;
Barker, HW ;
Cohen-Solal, E ;
Colman, RA ;
Dazlich, DA ;
Del Genio, AD ;
Dix, MR ;
Dymnikov, V ;
Esch, M ;
Fowler, LD ;
Fraser, JR ;
Galin, V ;
Gates, WL ;
Hack, JJ ;
Kiehl, JT ;
Le Treut, H ;
Lo, KKW ;
McAvaney, BJ ;
Meleshko, VP ;
Morcrette, JJ ;
Randall, DA ;
Roeckner, E ;
Royer, JF ;
Schlesinger, ME ;
Sporyshev, PV ;
Timbal, B ;
Volodin, EM ;
Taylor, KE ;
Wang, W ;
Wetherald, RT .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1996, 101 (D8) :12791-12794
[8]   ABSORPTION OF SOLAR-RADIATION BY CLOUDS - OBSERVATIONS VERSUS MODELS [J].
CESS, RD ;
ZHANG, MH ;
MINNIS, P ;
CORSETTI, L ;
DUTTON, EG ;
FORGAN, BW ;
GARBER, DP ;
GATES, WL ;
HACK, JJ ;
HARRISON, EF ;
JING, X ;
KIEHL, JT ;
LONG, CN ;
MORCRETTE, JJ ;
POTTER, GL ;
RAMANATHAN, V ;
SUBASILAR, B ;
WHITLOCK, CH ;
YOUNG, DF ;
ZHOU, Y .
SCIENCE, 1995, 267 (5197) :496-499
[9]  
GATES WL, 1992, B AM METEOROL SOC, V73, P1962, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1962:ATAMIP>2.0.CO
[10]  
2