The test accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) by stroke lateralisation

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is an increasingly popular screening tool for detecting cognitive impairment post-stroke. However its' test accuracy by stroke lateralisation is as yet unknown. Aim: Our aim was to investigate whether the test accuracy of the MoCA differs by stroke lateralisation across different cognitive domains. Methods: We retrospectively examined the cognitive profiles of 228 subacute stroke patients (86 Left, 142 Right), comparing MoCA-total and domain-specific scores with performance on detailed neuropsychological assessment. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment detected on neuropsychological assessment was high and relatively comparable between the right and left hemisphere stroke groups (91% and 93% respectively). Notably however, 29% of the right stroke group and 6% of the left stroke group achieved a "cognitively-intact" MoCA score (>= 25). A high proportion of right stroke patients who had an overall MoCA-intact score were found to be impaired in intellectual functioning, processing speed, executive functions and non-verbal memory on neuropsychological assessment. Furthermore, a high proportion of patients who scored full-marks within a MoCA-specified domain, irrespective of their overall score, were found to have impairment on corresponding neuropsychological assessment for both stroke groups. Conclusions: Particular care needs to be taken in interpreting MoCA-intact performance for right hemisphere patients due to its poor sensitivity to right hemisphere deficits. Scoring maximum points within a MoCA-specified domain also does not necessarily indicate intact cognitive functioning in that domain. Clinicians should consider supplementing their MoCA assessment with additional tools to increase the test accuracy of detecting relevant cognitive impairments post-stroke. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.