Does microwave heating have a role in functional group reactions of coal?

Recent applications of microwave heating to specific problems in coal science, with particular reference to coal characterization, are briefly discussed. It is suggested that the technique can be invaluable in the laboratory for driving heterogeneous reactions involving coal, particularly when side-reactions are minimal. The steric demand of a reagent is an important factor to be considered, as is the accessibility and steric environment of the coal functional groups that are to be reacted. Experience to date suggests that optimal conditions for the success of microwave-driven chemistry are achieved by use of silicon-and tin-containing reagents. Some new data on removal of organic sulfur are also discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.