A heavy fermion can create a soliton: a 1+1 dimensional example

We show that quantum effects can stabilize a soliton in a model with no soliton at the classical level. The model has a scaler field chirally coupled to a fermion in 1 + 1 dimensions. We use a formalism that allows us to calculate the exact one loop fermion contribution to the effective energy for a spatially varying scalar background. This energy includes the contribution from counterterms fixed in the perturbative sector of the theory. The resulting energy is therefore finite and unambiguous. A variational search then yields a fermion number one configuration whose energy is below that of a single free fermion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.