Performance analysis of cyclic statistics for the estimation of harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise

The problem of estimating the frequencies of harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise is addressed. The cyclic mean (CM) can be used if the multiplicative noise has nonzero mean; the cyclic variance (CV) can be used whether or not the multiplicative noise has zero mean. This paper answers the following question: Under what conditions should we use CV instead of CM? The criteria used are the ease of detection and the accuracy of estimation. CV is preferable to CM if the coherent to noncoherent harmonic power ratio is less than a threshold that depends on the first four cumulants; when the noises are colored, this threshold becomes frequency dependent. Third- and fourth-order cyclic statistics are also studied, and it is shown that they will always be outperformed either by Ch I or CV when the multiplicative noise is symmetric.