Spatial distribution of dark septate endophytes in a confined forest plot

In the present study we investigated the abundance and spatial distribution of dark septate root endophytes (DSE) in a 3 x 3 in plot in a spruce stand (Picea abies). A total of 144 DSE isolates were obtained by means of a hierarchical sampling design. Most roots were colonised, as DSE were isolated from 81.7% of root segments. ISSR-PCR fingerprinting was used to identify 21 unique ISSR types. Dominant types were isolated from adjacent points that covered an area of up to 6.8 m(2) of the study plot, and ISSR types were intermingled extensively. Frequency of isolation of the different ISSR types was uneven with two dominant types that accounted for 38% and 28% of all DSE isolates, respectively. Seven DSE strains representing six different ISSR types were identified as Phialocephala fortinii based on the morphology of fertile conidiophores and/or ITS 1 and 2 sequence comparisons.