Treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab alone in an adult after liver transplantation - A new drug in therapy of patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation?

Background, Posttransplant lymphoproliferative (PT-LPD) disorder is a life-threatening complication with an incidence of 1-10%. Uniform treatment, so far, does not exist. Methods. In December 1996, 5 months after a liver transplant, a 43-year-old patient developed a PT-LPD with para-aortal lymphomas and splenomegaly, Histological investigations revealed a PT-LPD of a diffuse large B-cell type of the centroblastic variant. The patient received three cycles of a modified cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-regimen, resulting in complete remission but the patient withdrew from further treatment. In February 1998, the patient had a recurrence of PT-LPD with gastric involvement and parasplenic lymphomas, The patient rejected cytotoxic treatment because of her fear of drug-induced progressive myopathy, so we conducted treatment with the monoclonal antibody - directed against CD20 -rituximab. Results and Conclusions. After 2 doses of rituximab, clinical symptoms had disappeared and after 6 doses, gastroscopy revealed no residual disease. At this time, the patient remains in remission, with a follow up of greater than or equal to 6 months. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is a new, well-tolerated drug for the treatment of lymphomas, In addition, this drug may offer an additional treatment option for patients with PT-LPDs.