Adenosine receptors are involved in the control of acute naloxone-precipitated withdrawal:: In vitro evidence

The effects exerted by adenosine A(1) and A(2) receptor agonists and antagonists on the acute opiate withdrawal induced by morphine were investigated in vitro. Following a 4 min in vitro exposure to morphine, the guinea-pig isolated ileum exhibited a strong contracture after the addition of naloxone. The P1 adenosine receptor agonist, adenosine, was able to reduce dose-dependently naloxone-precipitaded withdrawal. The same effect was induced by the adenosine A(1) receptor agonist, N-6-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) whereas the selective adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist CGS 21680 increased the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal phenomenon. Dipyridamole, a blocker of adenosine reuptake, induced a significant reduction of morphine dependence. Caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, significantly increased the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal effect in a concentration dependent manner. The same effect was observed with 8-phenyltheophylline (8PT), an A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist, whereas 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), an A(2) adenosine receptor antagonist, reduced the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal phenomenon. The results of our experiments indicate that both A(1) and A(2) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists are able to influence opiate withdrawal in vitro, suggesting an important functional interaction between the adenosine receptors and opioid withdrawal.