Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

被引：877

作者：

Borer, Elizabeth T. ^{[1
]}

Seabloom, Eric W. ^{[1
]}

Gruner, Daniel S. ^{[2
]}

Harpole, W. Stanley ^{[3
]}

Hillebrand, Helmut ^{[4
]}

Lind, Eric M. ^{[1
]}

Adler, Peter B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Alberti, Juan ^{[7
]}

Anderson, T. Michael ^{[8
]}

Bakker, Jonathan D. ^{[9
]}

Biederman, Lori ^{[3
]}

Blumenthal, Dana ^{[10
]}

Brown, Cynthia S. ^{[11
]}

Brudvig, Lars A. ^{[12
]}

Buckley, Yvonne M. ^{[13
,14
]}

Cadotte, Marc ^{[15
]}

Chu, Chengjin ^{[16
]}

Cleland, Elsa E. ^{[17
]}

Crawley, Michael J. ^{[18
]}

Daleo, Pedro ^{[7
]}

Damschen, Ellen I. ^{[19
]}

Davies, Kendi F. ^{[20
]}

DeCrappeo, Nicole M. ^{[21
]}

Du, Guozhen ^{[16
]}

Firn, Jennifer ^{[22
]}

Hautier, Yann ^{[1
]}

Heckman, Robert W. ^{[23
]}

Hector, Andy ^{[24
]}

HilleRisLambers, Janneke ^{[25
]}

Iribarne, Oscar ^{[7
]}

Klein, Julia A. ^{[11
]}

Knops, Johannes M. H. ^{[26
]}

La Pierre, Kimberly J. ^{[27
]}

Leakey, Andrew D. B. ^{[28
]}

Li, Wei ^{[3
]}

MacDougall, Andrew S. ^{[29
]}

McCulley, Rebecca L. ^{[30
]}

Melbourne, Brett A. ^{[20
]}

Mitchell, Charles E. ^{[23
]}

Moore, Joslin L. ^{[31
,32
]}

Mortensen, Brent ^{[3
]}

O'Halloran, Lydia R. ^{[33
]}

Orrock, John L. ^{[19
]}

Pascual, Jesus ^{[7
]}

Prober, Suzanne M. ^{[34
]}

Pyke, David A. ^{[21
]}

Risch, Anita C. ^{[35
]}

Schuetz, Martin ^{[35
]}

Smith, Melinda D. ^{[11
]}

Stevens, Carly J. ^{[36
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[2] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[3] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA

[4] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26382 Oldenburg, Germany

[5] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA

[6] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA

[7] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IIMyC, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina

[8] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA

[9] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[10] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA

[11] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA

[12] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[13] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[14] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland

[15] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada

[16] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Res Stn Alpine Meadow & Wetland Ecosyst, State Key Lab Grassland & Agroecosyst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China

[17] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA

[18] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[19] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[20] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[21] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[22] Queensland Univ Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia

[23] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

[24] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England

[25] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[26] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA

[27] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Initiat Global Change Biol, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA

[28] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA

[29] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada

[30] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA

[31] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Australian Res Ctr Urban Ecol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia

[32] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

[33] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[34] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia

[35] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

[36] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England

[37] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[38] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2014年 / 508卷 / 7497期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

RESOURCE CONTROL; COMPETITION; GROWTH; CONSUMER; DEPENDS; IMPACT;

D O I：

10.1038/nature13144

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];

摘要：

Human alterations to nutrient cycles(1,2) and herbivore communities(3-7) are affecting global biodiversity dramatically(2). Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems(8,9). Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

引用

页码：517 / +

页数：15

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