Long-term prognosis of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation depends on their response to antiarrhythmic therapy

Background The rhythm control treatment strategy for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown not to improve quality of life or prognosis any more than rate control. It is unclear whether the prognosis of the patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) is influenced by the response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AAT). Methods and Results The relationship between the response to AAT and long-term prognosis was evaluated in 290 patients with PAF (mean age, 69 years). During a mean follow-up period of 51 months, 114 patients (39%) had no recurrence of AF (Group 1), 113 (39%) had repeated AF recurrence (Group 2), and the remaining 63 (22%) had permanent AF despite AAT (Group 3). The survival rate without any cardiovascular deaths at 60 months was 99% in Group 1, 95% in Group 2 and 94% in Group 3 (p=NS among 3 groups). Survival rate without symptomatic ischemic stroke was 99% in Group 1, 88% in Group 2 and 76% in Group 3 (p<0.05 Group 1 vs Groups 2 and 3). The annual rate of stroke in the patients with warfarin treatment was similar among the 3 groups, whereas that in the patients without warfarin was higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1. Conclusions Long-term prognosis of patients with PAF varies with the response to AAT: When sinus rhythm is maintained, the prognosis is good even without anticoagulation therapy.