A conceptual approach for integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at watershed scales

被引:207
作者
Heathwaite, L
Sharpley, A
Gburek, W
机构
[1] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[2] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010020x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Since the late 1960s, point-sources of water pollution have been reduced due to their ease of identification and treatment. As water quality problems remain and Further point-source measures become less cost-effective, attention is directed toward reducing agricultural nonpoint-sources of P and N. In the past, separate strategies for P and N were developed and implemented at farm or watershed scales, Because of differing biology, chemistry, and flow pathways of P and N in sop, these narrowly targeted strategies may lead to mixed results, In some cases, N management of manures has increased sail P and subsequent P enrichment of surface runoff, while no-till has reduced P losses but increased nitrate leaching. Thus, an integrated approach to nutrient management is needed, with best management practices (BMPs) targeted to critical areas of a watershed that contribute most of the P and N exported, We have developed indices that identify critical sources and transport pathways controlling P and N export. These indites are applied to a mixed land use watershed in Pennsylvania, Areas most vulnerable to P loss are limited to small, well-defined areas of the watershed (<20% of area) near the stream channel. In contrast to P, larger areas contribute to nitrate leaching and generally occur on the upper boundaries of the watershed (60%), where freely draining seas and high manure and fertilizer N applications are made. Thus, differing levels of nutrient management may be appropriate for different areas of a watershed.
引用
收藏
页码:158 / 166
页数:9
相关论文
共 54 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 1993, SOIL WATER QUALITY A, DOI DOI 10.17226/2132
[2]   CATCHMENT GEOMORPHOLOGY AND THE DYNAMICS OF RUNOFF CONTRIBUTING AREAS [J].
BEVEN, K ;
WOOD, EF .
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, 1983, 65 (1-3) :139-158
[3]  
BINGHAM SC, 1980, T ASAE, V23, P330, DOI 10.13031/2013.34580
[4]  
DANIEL TC, 1994, J SOIL WATER CONSERV, V49, P30
[5]  
Dils R. M., 1996, Advances in hillslope processes: volume 1., P229
[6]  
Dilz K., 1988, Nitrogen efficiency in agricultural soils. Proceedings Symposium Edinburgh, 16-18 Sept. 1987., P1
[7]  
Eck H. V., 1995, Soil amendments and environmental quality., P169
[8]   PHOSPHORUS RETENTION BY WETLAND SOILS USED FOR TREATED WASTE-WATER DISPOSAL [J].
GALE, PM ;
REDDY, KR ;
GRAETZ, DA .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 1994, 23 (02) :370-377
[9]  
Gburek W. J., 1996, Advances in hillslope processes: volume 1., P263
[10]   Hydrologic controls on phosphorus loss from upland agricultural watersheds [J].
Gburek, WJ ;
Sharpley, AN .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 1998, 27 (02) :267-277