Molecular evolution of carotenoid biosynthesis from bacteria to plants

被引:103
作者
Sandmann, G [1 ]
机构
[1] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Bot, Biosynth Grp, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany
关键词
D O I
10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160401.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
beta-Carotene and derivatives are important pigments in plant photosynthesis. They are found not only in green plants but also accumulate in archea, prokaryotes and fungi. For beta-carotene biosynthesis, enzymes are necessary to catalyse the formation of phytoene, several desaturation steps and cyclization reactions. This review is focused on the molecular phylogeny of the enzymes, the genes involved and their diversity. It outlines how genes and enzymes from prokaryotes and archea were modified to give rise to the corresponding plant constituents. In the cases of phytoene synthase, a direct line of evolution can be drawn. For other carotenogenic enzymes, new genes and enzymes have been acquired at certain stages of evolution. In addition, phytoene desaturases and lycopene cyclases are examples of convergent evolution of different types of enzymes, which are structurally completely unrelated but functionally identical. Finally, several gene duplications led to homologous enzymes with different catalytic functions including those involved in the synthesis of alpha-carotene.
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收藏
页码:431 / 440
页数:10
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