Radioresistance is associated to increased Hsp70 content in human glioblastoma cell lines

Radiation therapy is routinely prescribed for high-grade malignant gliomas. However, the efficacy of this therapeutic modality is often limited by the occurrence of radioresistance, reflected as a diminished susceptibility of the irradiated cells to undergo apoptosis. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) synthesis can be increased by cellular insults, such as radiation-induced damage. Inducible Hsp70 has been suggested to have multiple roles in cytoprotection against apoptosis. Accordingly, high levels of Hsp70 prevent stress-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether the content of Hsp70 is associated to glioblastoma cell radioresistance. To this end, the U-87MG, U-251MG and MO59J human glioblastoma cell lines were irradiated at 2, 5 and 10 Gy and their relative radioresistance and Hsp70 were determined. Following 5 Gy irradiation, in MO59J and U-251MG a significant decrease in colony formation was found, whereas the U-87MG was relatively radioresistant. Three hours after the irradiation (at 5 Gy) Hsp70 contents increased 110% in the U-87 MG cells, but did not significantly change in the U-251MG and M059J cells. Thus, our results suggest that Hsp70 protection against radiation-induced apoptosis might underlie glioblastoma radioresistance.