Mass balance and runoff modelling of partially debris-covered Dokriani Glacier in monsoon-dominated Himalaya using ERA5 data since 1979

被引:38
作者
Azam, Mohd Farooq [1 ]
Srivastava, Smriti [1 ]
机构
[1] Indian Inst Technol Indore, Discipline Civil Engn, Simrol 453552, India
关键词
Himalayan glaciers; Debris cover; Mass balance; Hydrology; Ice-melt runoff; Snow-melt runoff; CHHOTA SHIGRI GLACIER; UPPER INDUS BASIN; WESTERN HIMALAYA; GARHWAL HIMALAYA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; ENERGY-BALANCE; PRECIPITATION SEASONALITY; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; HIMACHAL-PRADESH; SURFACE-ENERGY;
D O I
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125432
中图分类号
TU [建筑科学];
学科分类号
0813 ;
摘要
Glacier-wide mass balance and catchment-wide runoff were reconstructed over 1979-2018 for Dokriani Glacier catchment in Garhwal Himalaya (India). A glacier mass balance-runoff model, including temperature-index, accumulation, and rain modules was used for the reconstruction using daily air-temperature and precipitation fields from ERA5 reanalysis products. The model was calibrated using 6 years of observed annual glacier-wide mass balances (1993-1995 and 1998-2000) and observed summer mean monthly runoff (1994, 1998-2000) data. Model validation was done using satellite-derived snow line altitudes and field-observed runoff (1997-1998). Modelled mass balance on Dokriani Glacier is moderate with annual loss of -0.25 +/- 0.37 m w.e. a(-1) over 1979-2018. The mean winter glacier-wide mass balance is 0.72 +/- 0.05 m w.e. a(-1) while mean summer glacier-wide mass balance is -0.97 +/- 0.32 m w.e. a(-1) over 1979-2018. The mean annual catchment-wide runoff is 1.56 +/- 0.10 m(3) s(-1) over 1979-2018. Maximum runoff occurs during summer-monsoon months with a peak in August (6.04 +/- 0.34 m(3) s(-1)). Rainfall contributes the most to the total mean annual runoff with 44 +/- 2% share, while snow melt and ice melt contribute 34 +/- 1% and 22 +/- 2%, respectively. The heterogeneous debris-cover distribution over lower ablation area (< 5000 m a.s.l.) retards melting and protects the glacier. Modelled decadal mass balances suggest that Dokriani Glacier was close to steady-state conditions over 1989-1997 because of negative temperature anomalies and positive precipitation anomalies over this period. Mass balance and runoff are most sensitive to the threshold temperature for melt with sensitivities of 0.77 m w.e. a(-1) degrees C-1 and -0.20 m(3) s(-1) degrees C-1, respectively.
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页数:15
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