Simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the second exceptional γ-ray flare of PKS2155-304 in July 2006

被引：102

作者：

Aharonian, F. ^{[1
,13
]}

Akhperjanian, A. G. ^{[2
]}

Anton, G. ^{[16
]}

de Almeida, U. Barres ^{[8
]}

Bazer-Bachi, A. R. ^{[3
]}

Becherini, Y. ^{[12
]}

Behera, B. ^{[14
]}

Benbow, W. ^{[1
]}

Bernloehr, K. ^{[1
,5
]}

Boisson, C.

Bochow, A. ^{[1
]}

Borrel, V. ^{[3
]}

Brion, E. ^{[7
]}

Brucker, J. ^{[16
]}

Brun, P. ^{[7
]}

Buehler, R. ^{[1
]}

Bulik, T. ^{[24
]}

Buesching, I. ^{[9
]}

Boutelier, T. ^{[17
]}

Chadwick, P. M. ^{[8
]}

Charbonnier, A. ^{[19
]}

Chaves, R. C. G. ^{[1
]}

Cheesebrough, A. ^{[8
]}

Chounet, L. -M. ^{[10
]}

Clapson, A. C. ^{[1
]}

Coignet, G. ^{[11
]}

Costamante, L. ^{[1
,30
,31
]}

Dalton, M. ^{[5
]}

Daniel, M. K. ^{[8
]}

Davids, I. D. ^{[9
,22
]}

Degrange, B. ^{[10
]}

Deil, C. ^{[1
]}

Dickinson, H. J. ^{[8
]}

Djannati-Atai, A. ^{[12
]}

Domainko, W. ^{[1
]}

Drury, L. O'C. ^{[13
]}

Dubois, F. ^{[11
]}

Dubus, G. ^{[17
]}

Dyks, J. ^{[24
]}

Dyrda, M. ^{[28
]}

Egberts, K. ^{[1
]}

Emmanoulopoulos, D. ^{[14
]}

Espigat, P. ^{[12
]}

Farnier, C. ^{[15
]}

Feinstein, F. ^{[15
]}

Fiasson, A. ^{[15
]}

Foerster, A. ^{[1
]}

Fontaine, G. ^{[10
]}

Fuessling, M. ^{[5
]}

Gabici, S. ^{[13
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany

[2] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia

[3] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31029 Toulouse 4, France

[4] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[5] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[6] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France

[7] CE Saclay, CEA, IRFU, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[8] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England

[9] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa

[10] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[11] CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France

[12] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7164, CEA,Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris 13, France

[13] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland

[14] Heidelberg Univ, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[15] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France

[16] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[17] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France

[18] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany

[19] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris 5, France

[20] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague 18000, Czech Republic

[21] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[22] Univ Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

[23] Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Warsaw, Poland

[24] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[25] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[26] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[27] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland

[28] PAN, Inst Fiz Jadrowej, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland

[29] CBA Pretoria, Bronberg Observ, ZA-0056 Tiegerpoort, South Africa

[30] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[31] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2009年 / 502卷 / 03期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 美国国家航空航天局; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

galaxies: active; galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304; gamma rays: observations; X-rays: galaxies; BL-LAC OBJECTS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; TEVBL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA; SIMULTANEOUS X-RAY; PKS; 2155-304; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; BLAZAR SEQUENCE; XMM-NEWTON;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/200912128

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Aims. The X-ray-TeV connection and the evolution of the emitting particle population is studied in high-energy peaked BL Lac objects, by obtaining spectral information in both bands on sub-hour timescales. Methods. Simultaneous observations with HESS, Chandra and the Bronberg optical observatory were performed on the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 in the night of July 29-30 2006, when the source underwent a major gamma-ray outburst during its high-activity state of Summer 2006. This event took place about 44 h after the other major outburst of the night of July 27-28, which is known for its ultrafast variability. An unprecedented 6 to 8 h of simultaneous, uninterrupted coverage was achieved, with spectra and light curves measured down to 7 and 2 min timescales, respectively. Results. The source exhibited one major flare along the night, at high energies. The gamma-ray flux reached a maximum of similar to 11 times the Crab flux (>400 GeV), with rise/decay timescales of similar to 1 h, plus a few smaller-amplitude flares superimposed on the decaying phase. The emission in the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands is strongly correlated, with no evidence of lags. The spectra also evolve with similar patterns, and are always soft ( photon index G > 2), indicating no strong shift of the peaks in the spectral energy distribution towards higher energies. Only at the flare maximum is there evidence that the gamma-ray peak is inside the observed passband, at similar to 400-600 GeV. The VHE spectrum shows a curvature that is variable with time and stronger at higher fluxes. The huge VHE variations (similar to 22x) are only accompanied by small-amplitude X-ray and optical variations (factor 2 and 15% respectively). The source has shown for the first time in a high-energy peaked BL Lac object a large Compton dominance (L-C/L-S similar to 10) - rapidly evolving - and a cubic relation between VHE and X-ray flux variations, during a decaying phase. These results challenge the common scenarios for the TeV-blazar emission.

引用

页码：749 / 770

页数：22

共 103 条

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Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Boutelier, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Chounet, L. -M.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Dalton, M.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubois, F.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
Glueck, B.
Goret, P.
Hadjichristidis, C.
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Akhperjanian, A. G.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Boutelier, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Chounet, L.-M.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Dalton, M.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Ataie, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubois, F.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
Glueck, B.
Goret, P.
Hadjichristidis, C.
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Akhperjanian, A. G.
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Berge, D.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Boutelier, T.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Buesching, I.
Bulik, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Clapson, A. C.
Chounet, L.-M.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Funk, S.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
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Borrel, V
Braun, I
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Brown, AM
Chadwick, PM
Chounet, LM
Cornils, R
Costamante, L
Degrange, B
Dickinson, HJ
Djannati-Atai, A
Drury, LO
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Benbow, W
Berge, D
Berghaus, P
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Bolz, O
Boisson, C
Borgmeier, C
Breitling, F
Brown, AM
Gordo, JB
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Chounet, LM
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Degrange, B
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Fontaine, G
Funk, S
Gallant, YA
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Gillessen, S
Goret, P
Guy, J
Hadjichristidis, C
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Heinzelmann, G
Henri, G
Hermann, G
Hinton, JA
Hofmann, W
Holleran, M
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Bolz, O
Boisson, C
Borgmeier, C
Breitling, F
Brown, AM
Chadwick, PM
Chitnis, VR
Chounet, LM
Cornils, R
Costamante, L
Degrange, B
de Jager, OC
Djannati-Ataï, A
Drury, LOC
Ergin, T
Espigat, P
Feinstein, F
Fleury, P
Fontaine, G
Funk, S
Gallant, YA
Giebels, B
Gillessen, S
Goret, P
Guy, J
Hadjichristidis, C
Hauser, M
Heinzelmann, G
Henri, G
Hermann, G
Hinton, J
Hofmann, W
Holleran, M
Horns, D
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Becherini, Y.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bochow, A.
Borrel, V.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brucker, J.
Brun, P.
Buehler, R.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Boutelier, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Charbonnier, A.
Chaves, R. C. G.
Chounet, L. -M.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Costamante, L.
Dalton, M.
Degrange, B.
Deil, C.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubois, F.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
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Fiasson, A.
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← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 103 条

[1] New constraints on the mid-IR EBL from the HESS discovery of VHE γ-rays from 1ES 0229+200
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Boutelier, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Chounet, L. -M.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Dalton, M.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubois, F.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
Glueck, B.
Goret, P.
Hadjichristidis, C.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2007, 475 (02) : L9 - L13
[2] Discovery of VHE γ-rays from the distant BL Lacertae 1ES0347-121
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Boutelier, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Chounet, L.-M.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Dalton, M.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Ataie, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubois, F.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
Glueck, B.
Goret, P.
Hadjichristidis, C.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2007, 473 (03) : L25 - +
[3] An exceptional very high energy gamma-ray flare of PKS 2155-304
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Berge, D.
Bernloehr, K.
Boisson, C.
Bolz, O.
Borrel, V.
Boutelier, T.
Braun, I.
Brion, E.
Brown, A. M.
Buehler, R.
Buesching, I.
Bulik, T.
Carrigan, S.
Chadwick, P. M.
Clapson, A. C.
Chounet, L.-M.
Coignet, G.
Cornils, R.
Costamante, L.
Degrange, B.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubus, G.
Dyks, J.
Egberts, K.
Emmanoulopoulos, D.
Espigat, P.
Farnier, C.
Feinstein, F.
Fiasson, A.
Foerster, A.
Fontaine, G.
Funk, Seb.
Funk, S.
Fuessling, M.
Gallant, Y. A.
Giebels, B.
Glicenstein, J. F.
Glueck, B.
Goret, P.
Hadjichristidis, C.
Hauser, D.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2007, 664 (02) : L71 - L74
[4] Observations of the crab nebula with HESS
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
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