Three Classes of Plasmid (47-63 kb) Carry the Type B Neurotoxin Gene Cluster of Group II Clostridium botulinum

被引:16
作者
Carter, Andrew T. [1 ]
Austin, John W. [2 ]
Weedmark, Kelly A. [3 ]
Corbett, Cindi [3 ]
Peck, Michael W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England
[2] Hlth Canada, Bur Microbial Hazards, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
[3] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
来源
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION | 2014年 / 6卷 / 08期
基金
英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
botulism; conjugation; plasmid toxin-antitoxin systems; TOXIN-ANTITOXIN SYSTEMS; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; COMPLEX GENES; STRAINS; SEQUENCE; BACTERIA; FOODS; TOOL; DIVERSITY; BACILLUS;
D O I
10.1093/gbe/evu164
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis of 26 strains of Group II (nonproteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type B4 showed that 23 strains carried their neurotoxin gene cluster on a 47-63 kb plasmid (three strains lacked any hybridization signal for the neurotoxin gene, presumably having lost their plasmid). Unexpectedly, no neurotoxin genes were found on the chromosome. This apparent constraint on neurotoxin gene transfer to the chromosome stands in marked contrast to Group I C. botulinum, in which neurotoxin gene clusters are routinely found in both locations. The three main classes of type B4 plasmid identified in this study shared different regions of homology, but were unrelated to any Group I or Group III plasmid. An important evolutionary aspect firmly links plasmid class to geographical origin, with one class apparently dominant in marine environments, whereas a second class is dominant in European terrestrial environments. A third class of plasmid is a hybrid between the other two other classes, providing evidence for contact between these seemingly geographically separated populations. Mobility via conjugation has been previously demonstrated for the type B4 plasmid of strain Eklund 17B, and similar genes associated with conjugation are present in all type B4 plasmids now described. A plasmid toxin-antitoxin system pemI gene located close to the neurotoxin gene cluster and conserved in each type B4 plasmid class may be important in understanding the mechanism which regulates this unique and unexpected bias toward plasmid-borne neurotoxin genes in Group II C. botulinum type B4.
引用
收藏
页码:2076 / 2087
页数:12
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