Spatiometabolic stratification of Shewanella oneidensis biofilms

被引:119
作者
Teal, Tracy K.
Lies, Douglas P.
Wold, Barbara J.
Newman, Dianne K.
机构
[1] CALTECH, Div Biol Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[2] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[3] CALTECH, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1128/AEM.01163-06
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Biofilms, or surface-attached microbial communities, are both ubiquitous and resilient in the environment. Although much is known about how biofilms form, develop, and detach, very little is understood about how these events are related to metabolism and its dynamics. It is commonly thought that large subpopulations of cells within biofilms are not actively producing proteins or generating energy and are therefore dead. An alternative hypothesis is that within the growth-inactive domains of biofilms, significant populations of living cells persist and retain the capacity to dynamically regulate their metabolism. To test this, we employed unstable fluorescent reporters to measure growth activity and protein synthesis in vivo over the course of biofilm development and created a quantitative routine to compare domains of activity in independently grown biofilms. Here we report that Shewanella oneidensis biofilm structures reproducibly stratify with respect to growth activity and metabolism as a function of size. Within domains of growth-inactive cells, genes typically upregulated under anaerobic conditions are expressed well after growth has ceased. These findings reveal that, far from being dead, the majority of cells in mature S. oneidensis biofilms have actively turned-on metabolic programs appropriate to their local microenvironment and developmental stage.
引用
收藏
页码:7324 / 7330
页数:7
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