Electrical communication between electrodes and enzymes mediated by redox hydrogels

Different redox polymers based on poly(allylamine) with covalently attached ferrocene and pyridine groups that coordinate iron and ruthenium complexes were prepared, and hydrogels were obtained by cross-linking them with epichlorohydrin. Charge propagation from the underlying electrode, through the redox polymer and electrical communication with the enzyme FADH(2) of glucose oxidase, was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of electrolyte composition, concentration of enzyme and substrate, and electrode potential are reported, The role of different redox mediators covalently attached to the polymer back-bone is discussed in terms of driving force and electrostatic barriers.