Polyallylamine having poly(l-alanine) as hydrophobic graft chains, (PAAgPAla), formed a monolayer at an air-water interface. The morphology of the monolayer was found to be strongly dependent on the aqueous pH. In the alkaline condition, the PAAgPAla formed a stable monolayer in which the graft polypeptide chains self-assembled at the interface to yield active domains specifically interact with aqueous L-alanine compared with its D-isomer.