Acquiring height data from a single image of a face using local shape indicators

This paper describes work aimed at developing a practical scheme for face analysis using shape-from-shading. Existing methods have a tendency to recover surfaces in which convex features such as the nose are imploded. This is a result of the fact that subtle changes in the elements of the field of surface normals can cause significant changes in the corresponding integrated surface. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we describe a local shape based method for imposing convexity constraints. We show how to modify the orientations in the surface gradient field using critical points on the surface and local shape indicators. The method is applied to both surface height recovery and face re-illumination. Experiments show that altering the field of surface normals so as to impose convexity results in greatly improved height reconstructions and more realistic re-illuminations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.