Effect of stress on prefrontal cortex function

Stress is the major epigenetic factor that contributes to the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment outcome of most psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mechanisms by which stress contributes to these processes can have important implications for improving therapeutic outcome. Considering that a dysfunctional prefrontal cortex has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and mood disorders, delineating mechanisms by which stress affects prefrontal cortex (PFC) function is critical to our understanding of the role of stress in influencing the disease process. This paper will review recent mechanistic information about the effects of stress on dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in the PFC.