Real-time generation and supervision of a dynamic restoration plan for bulk-power systems

This paper presents the utilization of a rule-based system to generate and implement a dynamic restoration plan during a total blackout in a bulk-power system. The governor response and ramp rate of each generator, system load regulation and the pick-up characteristic of individual loads are modeled. The calculated system frequency and the calculated total generation output at each power station are compared with the real-time telemetry data. If the differences between the telemetry data and the calculated data exceed the specified tolerance, the restoration plan will be updated and adjusted accordingly. By using the streamlined arrangement in the transmission network, the loading in each transmission circuit can be estimated and a complete load flow calculation is not required during the generation of the restoration plan. Test cases were conducted and encouraging results were obtained. The developed rule-based restoration system can provide a complete restoration plan within a very short time and it can also dynamically generate a new restoration plan at any time interval according to the real-time telemetry data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.