Psychological and behavioural factors associated with long-term weight maintenance after a multidisciplinary treatment of uncomplicated obesity

Obesity is a multifactorial syndrome and the likelihood of success of a medical nutritional treatment (MNT) over the long term is low. As psychological and behavioural factors have an important role in both pathogenesis and the treatment of obesity, these issues were investigated in individuals with obesity who reported a long-term success or a failure in terms of weight loss following a MNT. Eighty-eight individuals of an original cohort of 251 subjects were re-evaluated 10 years after a MNT with cognitive-behavioural approach for uncomplicated obesity. Fifty-three participants were classified as failure (body weight change >= 0.5 kg) and 35 as a success (10-year body weight change <0.5 kg) of the MNT. Prior to the beginning of the weight-management program, both the Dieting Readiness Test (DRT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered. At a 10-year follow-up after the MNT, self-reported questionnaires were administered: quality of life was assessed by the Obesity Related Well-Being (ORWELL 97) questionnaire, eating attitudes and behaviours by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Binge Eating Scale (BES) investigated the presence and severity of binge eating and the Symptom Checklist (SCL 90-R) was used to identify the psychopathological distress. The scores of the ORWELL 97 items concerning symptoms (P = 0.005), discomfort (P = 0.03) and the total score (P = 0.02) were significantly lower in the success group. The depression score of the HADS was positively correlated with the percentage of body weight change observed 10 years after the MNT (r = 0.22; P = 0.045). The scores of the shape concern (EDE-Q) (r = 0.35; P = 0.013) and of the discomfort (ORWELL 97) (r = 0.36; P = 0.012) were significantly correlated with the percentage of body weight change 10 years after the MNT. In conclusion, this study is in agreement with the possibility that the psychological quality of life is associated even with modest amounts of weight loss in the long run. Further research should support identifying successful predictors of weight loss.