Analysis of the relationship between somatic cell score and functional longevity in Canadian dairy cattle

The aim of this study was to assess the level of somatic cell count (SCC) and to explore the impact of somatic cell score (SCS) on the functional longevity of Canadian dairy cattle by using a Weibull proportional hazards model. Data consisted of 1,911,428 cows from 15,970 herds sired by 7,826 sires for Holsteins, 80,977 cows in 2,036 herds from 1,153 sires for Ayrshires, and 53,114 cows in 1,372 herds from 1,758 sires for Jerseys. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days from the first calving to culling, death, or censoring. The test-daySCC was transformed to a linear score, and the resulting SCS were averaged within each lactation. The average SCS were grouped into 10 classes. The statistical model included the effects of stage of lactation; season of production; annual change in herd size; type of milk recording supervision; age at first calving; effects of milk, fat, and protein yields, calculated as within-herd-year-parity deviations; herd-year-season of calving; SCS class; and sire. The relative culling rate was calculated for animals in each SCS class after accounting for the aforementioned effects. The overall average SCC for Holsteins was 167,000 cells/mL, for Ayrshires was 155,000 cells/mL, and for the Jerseys was 212,000 cells/mL. In all breeds there were no appreciable differences in the relative risk of culling among classes of SCS breed averages (i.e., up to a SCS of 5). However, as the SCS increased beyond the breed average, the relative risk of cows being culled increased considerably. For instance, Holstein, Ayrshire, and Jersey cows with the highest classes of SCS had, respectively, a 4.95, 6.73, and 6.62 times greater risk of being culled than cows with average SCS.